The lowest level on the hierarchy of life that includes living and nonliving factors is the
a. biome.
b. community.
c. ecosystem.
d. biosphere.

I am pretty sure that the correct variant of the statement represented above should be :The lowest level on the hierarchy of life that includes living and nonliving factors is the ecosystem. So, I assume the third option from the scale as the correct one because can include both living and non-living factors in its sphere. Hope it helps!

Lipid because of the high percentage of carbon to carbon bonds, which store more energy than other bonds.

Leaves specifically the gas exchange between plants and the environment. while plants undergo photosynthesis, they also partake in cellular respiration. respiration is the process that happens in the leaves of plants.