1. We have evidence to support the claim that the trait of antibiotic resistance has increased in many species of bacteria since penicillin became the first commercially available antibiotic in the 1940's. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction (meaning one cell reproduces identical copies of itself). All bacterial populations have the potential to undergo changes in traits; creating populations of bacteria that have a large variation in traits. Identify TWO processes that contribute to variation of traits in an actively reproducing population of bacteria.

2. Like bacteria(prokaryotes), eukaryotic organisms can develop mutations in DNA that can affect traits, but these mutations are rare. Unlike bacteria, most multicellular organisms reproduce sexually- that is, two parents each produce cells called gametes that contain 1/2 the DNA needed for an
organism. When gametes from two separate parent organisms fuse to form a single cell (zygote), that will develop into a juvenile, that is not identical to its parents. Identify THREE events in the process of creating gametes and forming a zygote that result in this natural variation.