Thomas Malthus was an influential economist in the early 19th century. Malthus observed that in nature, plants and animals produce far more offspring than can survive, but that disease and famine keep these populations in check. He concluded that humans were also capable of overpopulation, and that if the human growth rate was not regulated, famine and disease would become globally epidemic. He published his ideas in his Essay on Principles of Population. How did Malthus' ideas most likely influence the development of the theory of evolution?

A.
Charles Darwin was influenced by Malthus' ideas when he suggested that species, like geologic structures, could evolve slowly over time.
B.
Malthus proved that organisms that reproduce sexually have genetic variation within their population that leads to differential reproductive success.
C.
Charles Darwin was influenced by Malthus' ideas when he proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution.
D.
Malthus initially proposed the theory of evolution, but Charles Darwin stole his idea and took the credit.

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On a backpacking trip, kenny hikes all day at a steady pace, covering 30 kilometers and burning 4000 calories. at the school track, janelle runs the 100-meter sprint in 13.5 seconds, burning 10 calories. afterward, janelle’s leg muscles are aching and she is breathing hard, while kenny maintains normal breathing all day, even though he burns 400 times more calories than janelle. which two statements offer the best explanation for this phenomenon? a. if the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt." b. aerobic cellular respiration produces more energy, but its use is limited because of lactic acid buildup in the muscles and the resulting "oxygen debt." c. after about 90 seconds of intense exercise, the muscles become depleted of oxygen, and anaerobic respiration can no longer function to produce atp, resulting in "oxygen debt." d. the rate of energy demand determines how the muscles will obtain energy, either from cellular respiration or from lactic acid fermentation if not enough oxygen is present.