The trait called "bobbed hairs” in the fruit fly (Drosophila) is recessive and is located on the X chromosome only. Assume all flies are true-breeding. We would like to figure out if this gene is carried on an autosome or a sex-chromosome. a Carry out a cross (on paper) to the F2 generation between a bobbed male and a true- breeding, wild type (normal) female. Show all genotypes, phenotypes, and their percentages. At what point in the cross (at which generation) would the results show you whether this trait is a sex-linked or a normal (autosomal) trait? (Hint: To answer this, you'll need to carry out this problem, to the F generation, as if it is normal (autosomal) AND as if it were sex-linked. Then you should compare your F. and F. results. So the question is asking, at which generation, F or F, do the results come out differently if autosomal or if sex-linked?) b. Carry out to the F2 generation the reciprocal cross to the above. (Start with a bobbed female and a normal male in the P1.) Show all genotypes, phenotypes, and expected fractions or percents. At what point in the cross would the results show you whether this trait is a sex-linked or a normal (autosomal) trait?​

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

the median of the data is 4.5.

explanation:

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