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Which of the following is not a symptom of desertification? a) decrease in salt content of the soil b) lowering of the water table c) reduced surface water d) increased soil erosion e) loss of native vegetation

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

In meiosis ii during anaphase ii which structures separated homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids