Which of these tasks would a biologist be most likely to perform? A. Estimating the amount of groundwater in an aquifer
B. Determining the best method to extract underground oil
C. Estimating the distribution of rock types in an area
D. Determining the species of a recently collected organism

How do antiviral drugs work? in your own words.

What is the inability of an individual or a society to achieve a minimum standard of living known as ?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).