Sophia accidentally steps on a nail. She reflexively pulls her foot up. This movement was done without the involvement of . the brain, nerves, the spinal cord, muscles

crossed extensor reflex

Explanation:

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explanation:

the fossil record extends back to a dog-like ancestor some 55 million years ago, which gave rise to the first horse-like species 55 to 42 million years ago in the genus eohippus.

the correct answer is b