Random mutations are an integral component of evolution. A male lion carries a mutation in 50% of his sperm that would need lead to an advantageous trait in his offspring. If the male lion successfully mates with a female lion who gives birth to 3 male cubs and 1 female cub, what is the probability that all the male cubs inherit the advantageous trait?

a. 50%
b. 75%
c. 12.5%
d. 6.25%

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

in a chemical reaction, the atoms and molecules produced by the reaction are called products. no new atoms are created, and no atoms are destroyed. in a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.