What are some ways in which humans may be influencing the evolution of mankind and other organisms

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Genes that come together with different alleles are heterozygous. homozygous. genotype. segregated.

Which of the following is an advantage of using embryonic stem cells in medical research? a. the use of embryonic stem cells is much less expensive than the use of adult stem cells. o b. no living tissue is damaged when scientists use embryonic stem cells. o c. embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into a wider range of cells than adult stem cells. d. there is no controversy surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells.