Color in poison dart frogs is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles. A blue poison dart frog that is heterozygous for the blue allele (Cb) and red allele (Cr) is crossed to a yellow poison dart frog that is heterozygous for the orange (Co) and yellow (Cy) alleles. Their progeny are 1/2 blue, 1/4 orange, and 1/4 yellow. Determine the order of dominance for the alleles. (Order of dominance is indicated as: A > B > C > D such that A is dominant over all alleles, B is dominant over C and D, C is dominant only to D, and D is recessive to all alleles.)

Cb>Cy>Co>Cr

Explanation:

First of al we need to do the Punnett square. As a result we get the genotypes:

CyCb

CyCr

CoCb

CoCr

Because there are no red frogs, red is the least dominant as it isn't expressed in any genotype.

Half of the progeny are blue and half of the possible genotypes contain the blue allele meaning that blue is expressed in all genotypes. This means that blue is the most dominant.

The only alleles left are yellow and orange. We can deduce that yellow is more dominant than orange because one of the parent frogs is yellow and contains the genes for yellow and orange.

As a result blue is the most dominant, yellow is the second most dominant, orange is the third most dominant and red is the least dominant.

c

explanation:

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.