Most red deer who successfully reproduce have about four fawns during their lifetimes. However, a small percentage of red deer produce a dozen or more offspring that survive for at least a year. What pattern would you expect natural selection to favor over time?

Natural selection will favor red deer that produce a dozen or more offspring that survive for at least a year.

Explanation:

Natural selection results in adaptation, which means the increase of the aptitude phenotype.  Aptitude is the contribution of each genotype to the next generation.

Natural selection is the result between the individual phenotype and the environment that determines the destiny of genes. It is the differential capability of individuals to leave offspring.

Aptitude (or fitness) is the phenotype that results in the survival, fertility, and capability of having a mate. It is a way of measuring the individual ability to leave fertile offspring. Aptitude must be significant to the natural selection act in its favor.  

Natural selection, eventually, will favor red deer that produce a dozen or more offspring that survive for at least a year. These animals have more chances of leaving fertile descendants that will be able to grow, develop, survive, and reproduce. They have a higher aptitude than those individuals that only have four fawns during their lifetimes. These animals have fewer probabilities of leaving survival descendants able to reproduce.

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