How is structure of DNA adapted to its function

Deoxyribonucleic acid is the macromolecule carries the genetic information. It has two phosphate sugar back bone chains which are joined together with the help of nucleotides (A, T, G, and C). This set of nucleotide refers as gene. These genes define the primary function of DNA to carry genetic information. This DNA structure gets coiled in manner that can carry large amount of information. These nucleotide sequences have ability to get transcribed into protein molecule with the help of translation and transcription factors.

One strand of sequence is sufficient to maintain coding sequence. The pair wise structure helps in case of one strand of structure get damaged and it required in process of replication.

Base stacking provides the stability in the structure of the DNA. The corresponding nucleotides combine with other molecule and minimize the hydrophobic effect. This molecule combines in the perpendicular alignment to the DNA base line.

It often found that TATA box on 5’ end. It is found that on 5’ because process starts from 5’ end and TATA box have A, T nucleotide. These molecules have double hydrogen bond, which is weaker then G, C pair.

Explanation:

lysosomes contain a variety of enzymes, enabling the cell to break down various biomolecules it engulfs, including peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids (lysosomal lipase). the enzymes responsible for this hydrolysis require an acidic environment for optimal activity. hope i !

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.