1. Starting in the mouth, food follows a pathway through the digestive system. Describe how the mouth is involved in both mechanical and chemical digestion. 2. How can you use food labels to determine how rich in nutrients a food is?

3. If you are analyzing the nutrients in a food, how would you decide if the food is healthy or not? Support your claim.

4. How does the release of energy and nutrients from digestion help the rest of the body's systems?

5. Both the liver and the pancreas are responsible for producing enzymes that aid in digestion. What other functions do each perform when carrying out digestion?

Explanation:

1) Chemical digestion begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme (amylase) that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates.

2) The daily values are reference amounts (expressed in grams, milligrams, or micrograms) of nutrients to consume or not to exceed each day. The %DV helps you determine if a seving of food is high or low in a nutrient.

3) If a food has a daily value of 5% or less of a nutrient, it is considered to be low in that nutrient.

A food is a good source of a nutrient if the percent daily value is between 10% and 19%, If the food has 20% or more of the daily value, it is considered an excellent source of that nutrient.

4) As food passes through the GI tract, it mixes with digestive juices, causing large molecules of food to break down into smaller molecules. The body then absorbs these smaller molecules through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream, which delivers them to the rest of the body.

5) During digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches. Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones. These are chemical messengers that travel through your blood.

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.