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The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Natural resources are any materials that humans obtain from the earth to meet our wants and needs.

What is the main difference between the central nervous system (cns) and the peripheral nervous system (pns)? .the cns involves the brain and spinal cord, and the pns involves the body nerves. the cns involves the body nerves, and the pns involves the brain and spinal cord. the cns involves sensory neurons, and the pns involves motor neurons. the cns involves motor neurons, and the pns involves sensory neurons.