Offspring Gene Symbols
Rr
Punnett squares allow us to predict the probability of different
offspring based on the genotype of each parent. When genetic
disease is involved, parents often want to know what the
probability will be of any of their children having the disease. To
determine this we use the "product rule" which states:
Bob
Rr
The probability of two independent events occurring is the product
of their individual probabilities (e. g. the probability of a flipped coin
landing heads and then tails is 0.5 x 0.5).
X
Mary
Use this rule to determine the probability of Bob and Mary having a
red offspring and then a blue offspring (2 different offspring) and
select the correct equation.
Hints
rr
a. 0.5/0.5-1
b. 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25
C. 50 x 50 = 2500
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d. 0.5 +0.5 = 1

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

if your own plato the answer is b. the fern transitioned from sporophyte generation to gametophyte generation.

lesson summarykaryotypes a genome is the full set of all the genetic information that an organism carries in its dna. chromosomes arebundles of dna and protein found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.