Assume that in cattle a spotted coat is dominant to an even coat, short horns are dominant to long horns, and the traits for coat type and horn length assort independently. in a cross between cattle that are each heterozygous for both traits, what proportion of their offspring are expected to have long horns?

According to the description of inheritance and alleles that you've provided, the chance of inheriting long horns as a trait is 1/4.

Ibelieve the answer is relative humidity  because it makes more sense that way. solar flares usually occur in space it doesn't affect the earth, well it could but it wont make a significant damage.  latitude is land it doesnt do anything. prevailing winds, i dont know the correct meaning for this but i doubt that affects the land so it has to be relative humidity.