1. In humans, the starting cell in this process has 46
chromosomes.

Explanation:

Meiosis I

At the beginning of meiosis I, a human cell contains 46 chromosomes, or 92 chromatids (the same number as during mitosis). Meiosis I proceeds through the following phases:

■ Prophase I: Prophase I is similar in some ways to prophase in mitosis.

dna damages cause changes in the structure of the genetic material and prevents the replication mechanism from functioning and performing properly. dna damage and mutation have different biological consequences. while most dna damages can undergo dna repair, such repair is not 100% efficient.