Reference the article on the first page to answer these questions: https://www. pharmaceuticalonline. com/doc/the-potential-of-personaliz ed-medicine-0001

1. Summarize the following points of the article. (2 points)

a) What is personalized medicine?

b) What areas of human health are likely to benefit from these new technologies?

2. How did the sequencing of the human genome change the way doctors are analyzing personal disease and risk? List the five points made in the article. (5 points)

3. What are the concerns of Dr. Ray Woosley regarding these new developments? (2 points)

4. You might be able to have your entire genome sequenced by a commercial company for less than $5,000 in the near future. Make a list of the potential benefits and concerns of genome sequencing. (3 points)

5. What are the five challenges to personalized medicine that are discussed in the article? ( 5 points)

6. Much of the research being done in this area is based on commercial products. The scientists performing the experiments are often employees of the company. Companies that are developing these new technologies hope to create products to be sold for profit. How does the involvement of commercial pharmaceutical companies influence the use of this and other new technology? (2 points)

7. The article states, “The number one concern that individuals have today is that information about past health or prediction of future health based on genetic tests may be used by a health insurance company to increase rates or deny healthcare coverage. Also, people are concerned that employers might use genetic information to make decisions about hiring, firing, and job assignments.”

a) Using at least two of the advantages or disadvantages discussed in the article, state your opinion about the use of the information contained in a person’s genome to treat disease. (4 points)

b) Do you think this new technology should be controlled or regulated? How would you address the potential for loss of genetic privacy? (2 points)

1

A) A medicine that is personalized towards an individual's DNA.

B) These new technologies will be a benefit towards human health because they will be more effective and will not be as hazardous.

2) The sequencing of the human genome changed the way doctors are analyzing personal disease and risk because they are now able to diagnose the disease risk factors, provide better treatment for patients, determine which type of disease it is more accurately, how much of a dose of medicine the patient needs, and figure out genetic disorders.

3) He is worried that people might be moving too fast regarding these developments and wants them to proceed slowly and carefully so there is no room for error.

4) Some benefits would be protection from other certain diseases, I can fix any sort of genetic disorder, and order it so I can become stronger. However, I’m concerned that there will be risks in the sequencing process, which will change my genome for the worse.

5) Many potential biomarkers have yet to be verified and qualified for use, the FDA has yet to set a regulatory approval pathway for these products, the success of personalized medicine is contingent the ability of scientists and healthcare providers to capture, manage, store, and provide access to data and medical information, in order for personalized medicine to succeed, healthcare providers, patients, and insurers must learn how it works, and there are many privacy, confidentiality and fair-use concerns.

6 It could influence the use of these technologies because rather than focusing on helping people, they will only think about the money, leading them to do it carelessly and recklessly.

7

A) I think that using the information in a person's genome to treat disease is a good idea because it is much more effective in preventing disease and can fix any sort of genetic disorder much more easily.

B) I think this should be controlled. To address the potential for loss of genetic privacy, make it so that person gives their consent and you only take what is needed without having to look at the whole genome.

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