Please choose the answer. This is a multiple choice. Which of the following best describes the theory of natural selection?

The genetic makeup of a population gradually changes from one generation to the next due to spontaneous mutation.

Living organisms change over time due to the flow of energy, which is a key factor in determining what kinds of organisms can live in a particular community.

There is variation among the members of a species. Some of this variation is genetically determined and so can be passed on to future generations on chromosomes inherited from the parents.

Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.

There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population. Cooperation allows several species to exist in one area, while competition tends to eliminate species.

Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.

Explanation:

The basic idea of natural selection is that environmental conditions determine how well the characteristics of organisms contribute to the survival and reproduction of the organism; organisms that do not have these traits may die before reproduction or be less fertile. As long as environmental conditions remain the same or close enough for these traits to remain adaptive, these traits will become more common in populations. The loss of an ecological niche of a species or overcrowding as a result of an increase in abundance can significantly alter the adaptive characteristics required for survival. In this case, and also in any environment where survival is determined more by ecology than secondary sex characteristics, ecological choice takes place.

the answer is d.) homologous; have mammary glands

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