Which statement about the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis is true? 1. They occur in the thylakoids.
2. They produce ATP and NADPH.
3. They release oxygen as waste.
4. They comprise the Calvin cycle.

What are charcteristics of lithosphere?

Variety of living organisms; includes genetic, species, and ecological types.

What molecules will be best used to compare different species with the exact same sequence of amino acids? why would two species have the same protein even if the molecules in question is different? (hint: transcription to translation to protein).