When plant seedlings emerge from the ground, the leaves always grow upwards while the root system grows downward into the ground. Explain the force used by plants to determine their growth direction.
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Tropism is the force used by the plants to grow in a specific direction.

Explanation:

The movement of plant parts such as shoots and roots etc in a specific direction in response to an external stimulus, this phenomena is known as tropism. Phototropism refers to the movement of upper part of plant body towards sunlight while on the other hand, the movement of roots downward against sunlight is known as geotropism. Both phototropism and geotropism are the types of tropism.

1. the energy lost to disorder metabolism     -entropy

2. related to or possessing motion potential     -kinetic

3. all of the chemical reactions in an organism required for maintenance of the processes of life entropy     -metabolism

4. possible; ability to go into action or perform work kinetic     -potential

5. the study of energy and its transformations thermodynamics     -thermodynamics

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.