Which excerpt from the passage "Equal Justice Under Law" most effectively illustrates Thurgood Marshall's natural tendency to resist authority? "If he wasn’t throwing chalk or teasing girls, he was arguing with teachers."

"So, one day, the principal sent him to the basement with a copy of the United States Constitution and stern orders not to come back up till he had memorized a passage."

"'Before I left that school,” Marshall said many years later, 'I knew the whole thing by heart.'"

"Parts of the Constitution, however, confused the young Marshall."

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

Which of the following is a testable hypotheses?

In what ways does the study of human population differ from the study of wildlife ecology