when a consumer eats a producer, 10 percent of the producers energy is passed on to the consumer trophic level. what happens to the other 90%?

a. it is consumed and used by the consumer

b. it is used by the producer to pass on to the next trophic level

c. it is added back to the soil by decomposers

d. it is used for cell processes or released as heat.

why is there biomass at the top of the energy pyramid?

a. secondary and tertiary consumers have to consume a lot more food to support themselves, so there are fewer of them

b. secondary and tertiary consumers live longer, so there are fewer of them because they reproduce more slowly

c. secondary and tertiary consumers are larger, so there are fewer of them

d. secondary and tertiary consumers have bigger ranges, so there are fewer of them because they each need a lot of space

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

The pressurized plants and fungi mentioned in the video have some surprising similarities. what differences would you expect them to have?

In response to framton's dialogue about his health issues, mr. sappleton replies: "no? " said mr. sappleton, in a voice which only replaced a yawn at the last moment. then she suddenly brightened into alert not to what framton was saying. what does this statement reveal about how mrs. sappleton feels about framton? a) she finds him boring. b) she's happy he came by. c) she finds him annoying. d) she feels sorry for him