What patterns do you see in the similarities and differences between Hox genes in humans and in fruit flies?

Explanation:

Hox genes are the master regulators of embryonic development for all animals, including humans, flies and worms. They decide what body parts go where. ... "We have exactly the same genes, and use them in exactly the same way," he says. "By understanding them in Drosophila, we can understand them in humans."

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.