How does evolution result in reproductive success?

Often when species evolve, they receive a trait that may make them live longer or make it where their survival chances are significantly increased. Which in turn can make their offspring stronger and able to live longer, therefore increasing their population.

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).