1. A botanist who was studying a new plant ground up some of the leaf cells, then centrifuged the mixture. The organelles became fractionated such that the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, and the organelles in the light fraction could produce ATP in the dark. What do the fractions most likely contain?

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

Food webs - transferring energy and matter from one level to another. here you see four food webs. one or more are incorrect. which food web(s) show the correct sequence of organisms, from start to top level consumer? a) a b) d c) c d) a and d

Number and variety of living organism; includes genetic, species, and ecological types