What are 5 factors that decrease populations (explain each or tell how that factor causes a decrease in a population).

1) Agricultural Change:
agricultural changes have been massive over the past 400 years. Many of these agricultural changes even at a low level free up workers from the farms. This allows industrialisation which needs lots of workers and tends to promote high birth rates. The more regular supply of food from advanced farming also promotes birth rates, as people are sure they can feed their children, and reduces famine deaths.

2) Education:
Education plays a vital role in determining the levels of both birth and death rates in a country and hence the level of population growth. As education levels increase people tend to have fewer children so that they can focus their resources in improving the life chances of those few children.

3) Emancipation of women:
In many rich countries women have become over time free to work when they want within their life. This is not the case in all countries in the world where many women are stuck in gender specific unpaid work such as maintaining a household and subsistence farming plots. Women are much more likely now to go to university and work for a few years before having their first child. This can result in fewer children being born per woman as fertility declines with age for women.

4) Urbanization:
It has a significant impact upon population growth because it can impact upon the birth and death rates of a country. As a country becomes increasingly urbanised the birth rate tends to rise and death rates tend to fall.

5) Death rates:
Often death rates are reduced before a slowdown in birth rates, causing a boom in the population size at a certain point in a country’s economic development. Death rates fall and life expectancy increased.

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