Darwin's finches are a group of about fifteen species of birds that inhabit the Galapagos Islands. The most important differences between species are in the size and shape of their beaks. Refer to the diagrams below to answer the following questions for 2 points each:

1. Explain how genetic mutations could cause the differences in beak size and length.

2. Explain how the different beaks could give different advantages to each bird.

3. Explain how the beak differences could relate to differences in the birds' niches.

In the california poppy, an allele for yellow flowers (c) is dominant over an allele forwhite flowers (c). at an independently assorting locus, an allele for entire petals (f) isdominant over an allele for fringed petals (f ). a plant that is homozygous for yellow andentire petals is crossed with a plant that is white and fringed. a resulting f1 plant is thencrossed with a plant that is white and fringed, and the following progeny are produced: 54 yellow and entire; 58 yellow and fringed, 53 white and entire, and 10 white andfringed. using the chi-square test, what would the probability value (p-value) be?