Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Which of the following best explains how insulin injections affect signal transduction in an individual with type 1 diabetes? They allow alternate signaling transduction pathways to control glucose levels.
They open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.
They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.
They serve as second messengers to regulate glucose uptake by cells.

The dna in a cell’s nucleus encodes proteins that are eventually targeted to every membrane and compartment in the cell, as well as proteins that are targeted for secretion from the cell. for example, consider these two proteins: phosphofructokinase (pfk) is an enzyme that functions in the cytoplasm during glycolysis. insulin, a protein that regulates blood sugar levels, is secreted from specialized pancreatic cells. assume that you can track the cellular locations of these two proteins from the time that translation is complete until the proteins reach their final destinations.for each protein, identify its targeting pathway: the sequence of cellular locations in which the protein is found from when translation is complete until it reaches its final (functional) destination. (note that if an organelle is listed in a pathway, the location implied is inside the organelle, not in the membrane that surrounds the organelle.)

For a comparative or experimental investigation, scientists often make a testable about a scientific question, and then they test it in the investigation. a.control b.hypothesis c.procedure d.system

Question 17 (1 point) where does penicillin come from? a. it is a chemical that man invented b. it is a fungus c. it is a toxin made by other bacteria d. it was discovered in archaebacteria