Four random genetic matches then formed the following diploid offspring. Using the text box or pen tools, label the alleles on each offspring.

Crossing-over events occur during the prophase 1. After anaphase 2, telophase 2, and citokynesis, 4 gametes are formed. Each gamete has different genetic information. Alleles are labeled in the attached file.

--------------------

Since I do not have the parentals genotype, I will consider two traits, each coded by a single diallelic gene.

Gene 1:

Gene 2:

I will assume that both parents are heter0zyg0us for both traits, so their genotypes are AaBb.

During gamete formation, the pairs of h0m0logous chromosomes separate after crossing over. Then, sister chromatids also separate. The result is the formation of four gametes.  

Each gamete has different information from the combination of h0m0logous chromosomes belonging to the father and to the mother.

Mother

During the prophase of meiosis 1, the mother's homologous chromosomes express two crossing-over events. One of them in the superior arm and the other one in the inferior arm.

The segments interchange between chromosomes involves Gene 1 and Gene 2.  

During anaphase 2, sister chromatids separate, and after telophase and cytokinesis, four haploid gametes are formed carrying the following chromosomes,

Father

During the prophase of meiosis 1, the father's homologous chromosomes express one crossing-over event in the inferior arm.

The segments interchange between chromosomes involves Gene 2.  

During anaphase 2, sister chromatids separate, and after telophase and cytokinesis, four haploid gametes are formed carrying the following chromosomes,

Gametes' destiny is to randomly merge in the process of fecundation, during which a new diploid cell called zygote emerges through fertilization.

The zygote is a complete cell that suffers successive mitosis to form the new organism.  

In the exposed example,

Offspring 1 →  Parental gamete ab from the mother merged recombinant

                      gamete aB from the father  →  genotype aaBb

Offspring 2 → Parental gamete AB from the mother merged recombinant  

                       gamete aB from the father  →  genotype AaBB

Offspring 3 → Recombinant gamete ab from the mother merged

                      recombinant gamete Ab from the father  →  genotype Aabb

Offspring 4 →  Parental gamete ab from the mother merged recombinant

                      gamete ab from the father  →  genotype aabb

For a better understanding, you can see the image in the attached files in which alleles are labeled.    

------

You can learn more about crossing-over at

link

link

explanation:

the fossil record extends back to a dog-like ancestor some 55 million years ago, which gave rise to the first horse-like species 55 to 42 million years ago in the genus eohippus.

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation: