What is a pioneer species? Give an example.

This is for Science

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.

Which of the following is not true of the formation of a bacterial translation initiation complex? a. if-3 binding to gtp is required for the charged trna to associate with the first mrna codon. b. n-formylmethionyl-trnafmet binds in the p site. c. if-1, if-2, and if-3 dissociate upon the 50s subunit binding. d. the 30s ribosome associates with the mrna before the 50s ribosome.

Which statement is true about the two stars labeled in this diagram?