1. Create a food web based on the information provided in the article. Include the following organisms in your food web: wolf, elk, aspen trees, cottonwood trees, coyotes, voles, willow trees, and grasses.

In the food web...

Producers:  aspen trees, cottonwood trees,  willow trees, and grasses.

Consumers: wolf, coyotes, elk, voles,

Explanation:

Food webs depict the flow of energy and nutrients within a biological community. In communities, species or groups of organisms have special roles called niches; every species plays an important role in the community.

Some organisms are called producers or autotrophs.  Autotrophs include plants, microbes, and other species that photosynthesize, producing energy/ a food source. Here the producers, on the bottom of the web are aspen trees, cottonwood trees,  willow trees, and grasses.

Consumers include fungi, protists, and bacteria that consume organic matter made by producers-  these are heterotrophs. Here, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers include plant-eating elk, voles along with the carnivores (wolves), and plants/ animal eating coyotes who feed on these animals

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs