3. a) What components of DNA are of particular use in gel electrophoresis, and why? (2 points)

i. Their size and charge

ii. This is due to the fact that they move when an electric current is applied.

Explanation:

i. The components of DNA are of particular use in gel electrophoresis are their size and charge.

ii. This is because since the charge to mass ratio is constant for the DNA molecules, electrophoresis separates the molecules based on their sizes only. This is determined by the distance the DNA molecule moves in the gel. The smaller molecules move a large distance while the larger molecules move a small distance. This can thus be used to identify the molecules.

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it's diluted or concentrated

in a diluted solution, you can add a lot more solute but in concentrated only a little more can be added