How do sewers at the bottom of the ocean affect the ocean's ecosystem?

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium, at what rate does speciation occur? species change depending on the rate of natural selection. after periods of stasis, new species evolve relatively rapidly. species change slowly and eventually form new species. some species change quickly and others change slowly to balance the overall rate.

Amniocentesis is a process in which amniotic fluid is taken from the mother's womb to identify any genetic abnormalities in the fetus. how would the discovery of the human genome contribute to this process?

How has biodiversity on earth changed over time?