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this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

the answer is: trichonympha lives in the gut of termites and digests cellulose eaten by the termite.

this is an example of a symbiotic association of a protozoan with its mode of association.

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-lavira: )

the supermassive black hole is in the middle of the galaxy.

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).