What are the main types of chemical bonds?

There are three main chemical bonds:

Explanation:

Ionic bond - It is formed due to electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions. The atoms that gains electrons becomes anion that is a negatively charged ion and the atom which loses the electrons becomes a cation that is a positively charged ion. For example chemical compound of sodium chloride.

Metallic bond - It occurs in metals and is formed between positively charged atoms in which free atoms are shared among the lattice of cations. Examples are cobalt, magnesium, iron etc.

Covalent bond - It involves sharing of electron pairs between the atoms and is also known as molecular bond. The stable balance of repulsive and attractive forces between the atoms is called covalent bonding. For example water, it consist of a covalent bond containing oxygen and hydrogen together to make water.

the correct answer is: b. pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.  

because involves two organisms (parents) whose genetic material combines, sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring. the offspring is an unique organism, with new genome, more protected with the higher ability to adapted. this process is fundamental to evolution.