How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction?

a.)it speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction by direct participation.
b.)it reacts with products to increase the concentration of reactants.
c.)it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.
d.)it increases the total amount of products formed.

The correct answer is Option C.

Explanation:

Activation energy is defined as the extra energy that must be given to the reactants in order to cross the energy barrier and thus convert into the products.

A catalyst is defined as a substance that increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path. This involves in the lowering of activation energy so that more and more molecules can cross the energy barrier and convert into the products.

The catalyst itself does not take part in a chemical reaction and is thus regenerated at the end.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

The catalyst aid in providing an alternative passage for the reaction to proceed.  

Further Explanation:

A catalyst has an influence on the reaction and it affects it by basically accelerating it and also provides an alternative passage for the reaction to take place which reduces the level of energy requirement. The reactions need activation energy to begin and catalysts may help. But, catalysts outlast the reactions without any change.  

There are two main mechanisms, a catalyst may affect the chemical reactions and these are by either producing a way to reduce the activation energy or by altering the way reaction occurs. They may reduce the energy of the transition state and so the total activation energy required for the reaction lowers or they may change the mechanics of the reaction and thereby alter the transition state.  

There are two kinds of catalysts, homogenous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous catalysts are found in the same stage as the reactants found in the chemical equation. For instance, in case the reactants are gases then it means that the catalyst is also a gas. Heterogeneous catalyst is found in a different stage than the reactions. For instance, the reactants might be solid, however, the catalyst is a liquid.  

Enzymes are known to be an example of a biological catalyst and these proteins might fold in various different ways in order to aid the reactions by binding to the reactants.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High school

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Enzyme kinetics

Keywords:

Catalyst, enzymes, activation energy, reactants, products, chemical reactions transition state, homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalyst, proteins.

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