During cellular respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of O hydrogen ions against a concentration gradient
electrons through a channel protein
potassium ions down a concentration gradient
o electrons against a concentration gradient
hydrogen ions down a concentration gradient
O potassium ions against a concentration gradient
protons against a concentration gradient

Through the process of chemiosmosis, the H+ gradient is used to produce ATP molecules. During cell respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of hydrogen ions down a concentration gradient.

Let us review the oxidative phosphorylation process.

The electron transporter chain + chemiosmosis constitute the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Chemiosimosis refers to the ATP production through a proton gradient

The electron transporter chain is a series of molecules and proteins located in the internal mitochondrial membrane. It constitutes a series of enzymatic reactions to release and save energy for the organism’s correct functioning.  

Along the chain, there are four proteinic complexes in the membrane, I, II, III, and IV, that contain the electrons transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electrons' transference from one complex to the other.

Different redox reactions occur to pass electrons along the chain.  

Released energy creates a proton concentration gradient used to synthesize ATP.  

1) NADH provides electrons to the first complex, Complex I. From there, electrons go to the coenzyme Q that carries them to complex II. Meanwhile, complex I pomp four protons to the intermembrane space.  

2) Complex II receives electrons from CoQ and also receives electrons from FADH2. Electrons are sent from complex II to ubiquinone Q that carries these electrons to complex III.

3) Complex III receives electrons from ubiquinone Q and pomps protons to the intermembrane space. Electrons are transferred to Cytochrome c.  

Electrons travel from cytochrome c to complex IV.

4) Complex IV is the last complex that pomps protons to the intermembrane space.  

5) Electrons are sent to O₂ molecules, which also receive protons in the matrix to create water molecules. Four electrons are needed to produce two water molecules from one O₂ molecule.

Since too many protons were pumped to the intermembrane space by complexes I, III and IV, an electrochemical gradient is created.

Protons tend to go back to the matrix, but they can only pass the membrane through an integral membrane protein.

H+ returns to the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase.

While H+ passes to the matrix, ATP is produced by this Chemiosmotic process.

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protons against a concentration gradient.

Explanation:

Cellular respiration can be defined as a series of metabolic reactions that typically occur in cells so as to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During cellular respiration, high energy intermediates are created that can then be oxidized to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therefore, the intermediary products are produced at the glycolysis and citric acid cycle stage.

Hence, during cellular respiration, most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed as a direct result of the net movement of protons against a concentration gradient in the electron transport chain.

Additionally, mitochondria provides all the energy required in the cell by transforming energy forms through series of chemical reactions; breaking down of glucose into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) used for providing energy for cellular activities in the body of living organisms.

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explanation:

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]