Write short notes on the following. (a) Cytoplasm (b) Nucleus of a cell

Explanation:

Cytoplasm Structure Cell organelles are various structures existing inside cells. All these structures are distinct and perform specific functions. Cells have three main elements i.e., plasma membrane, and cytoplasm and the nucleus. The plasma membrane or cell membrane is a bi-lipid membranous layer, parting the cell organelles from its outside environment and from the different cells. It is the external covering of a cell where all different parts, including cytoplasm and nucleus, are enclosed. Next, is the nucleus, one of the biggest organelle. They have exclusive control of a cell. Lastly, the cytoplasm is a jelly-like material in which the cell organelles are implanted. The cytoplasm is an essential component of the cell. It is a semi-liquid jelly-like material, which joins the nucleus and the cell membrane. In the cell, the cytoplasm is embedded, while other cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuoles, etc. are all suspended within it. It can easily be examined under a microscope through the staining technique. Functionally, it is the site for several chemical reactions within a cell. Most of the cellular metabolism takes place here. Cytoplasm Function One of the major functions of cytoplasm is to enable cells to maintain their turgidity, which enables the cells to hold their shape. Other functions of cytoplasm are as follows: The jelly-like fluid of the cytoplasm is composed of salt and water and is present within the membrane of the cells and embeds all of the parts of the cells and organelles. The cytoplasm is home to many activities of the cell as it contains molecules, enzymes that are crucial in the break down of the waste. The cytoplasm also assists in metabolic activities. Cytoplasm provides shape to the cell. It fills up the cells thus enabling the organelles to remain in their position. The cells, without cytoplasm, would deflate and substances will not permeate easily from one to the other organelle. A part of the cytoplasm, the cytosol has no organelles. Rather, the cytosol is enclosed by matrix boundaries that fill up the cell section which does not hold the organelles. The whole cellular content of a living cell is called protoplasm. The cytoplasm, nucleus and all other living components of the cell together make up the protoplasm of a cell.Nucleus

The nucleus is an important element of the cells. It is a membrane-bound organelle that is typically found in the eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, whereas some cell types do not possess a nucleus (RBC-Red Blood Cells).