What are the action-reaction forces in a jet engine?

In everyday words, the action (the force of the exhaust gas shooting backward) is equal and opposite to the reaction (the force of the plane moving forward); the action moves the exhaust gas, while the reaction moves the plane. But not all jet engines work this way: some produce hardly any rocket exhaust at all.

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."

the framers of the constitution insisted that federal judges be nominated instead of elected due to their desire to have judges above the shifting whims of the masses.

the hope, whether achieved or not, was that federal judges would only be beholden to the law and that by not having judges be elected, they would be protected if that law dictated an outcome that ran counter to popular opinion.