The energy on the earth A cycles
B cannot cycle because it used by organisms(it flows)
C must be created to continue life on earth
D is attached to water

i believe it is "they are not used up by reactions" as the answer to your question, text me back if this is correct because i just learned this.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave