When an enzyme doesn't work properly it is said to be . Three things that can cause this are , and

Explanation:

When enzyme does not work properly it is said to be inactive and this affect its efficiency.

Substrate concentration - Enzyme requires adequate substrate concentration to be effective, when the concentration is high the enzyme activity increases and when it is low it decreases.

Temperature - Enzymes are more active at specific temperature at very high temperature enzyme can be denatured leading to a loss of its activity. Hence, enzyme should be made to work at its optimum.

pH- Enzymes are active at specific pH, when the pH is altered enzymatic activity may be reduced or enzyme become inactive. Hence, pH of enzymes should be maitained.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.