For a species with a diploid number of 18 chromosomes, indicate how many chromosomes will be present in the somatic cell nuclei of individuals that are: a. haploid b. triploid c. tetraploid d. trisomic e. monosomic

a. haploid: 9

b. triploid: 27

c. tetraploid: 36  

d. trisomic: 19

e. monosomic: 17

Explanation:

A haploid cell contains a single set of chromosomes (1n), which is the same number of chromosomes found in eggs and sperm cells. Moreover, triploidy is a genetic condition in which there are three sets of chromosomes (3n) in single cells, while a tetraploid cell contains four complete sets of chromosomes (4n). Finally, a trisomy is an abnormal chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome (i.e. three instead of two), while monosomy is characterized by the presence of only one chromosome (i.e., one instead of two).

the oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. this blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. from the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta.

deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. from the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle.