How does cognition and biology influence learning?

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Both Cognition and biology plays role in Conditioning and Learning

Cognitive aspects of learning refer to thinking processes and mental procedures involved in the learning process. Cognitive factors that influence learning range from basic learning processes, such as memorizing facts or information, to higher-level processes, such as understanding, application, analysis and evaluation.

Biological factors also play important role for example Aversion to a particular taste is conditioned only by pairing the taste (a conditioned stimulus) with nausea (an unconditioned stimulus). Generally, taste aversion is developed after ingestion of food that causes nausea, sickness, or vomiting. If taste is paired with other unconditioned stimuli, conditioning doesn’t occur. Another example is Instinctive drift or Instinctual drift. Any behavior is instinctive if it is performed without being based upon prior experience (that is, in the absence of learning), and is therefore an expression of innate biological factors.

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primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs