What is segregation, and why is it important to Darwin's mechanism of evolution by natural selection

Independent segregation refers to the random separation of gene variants (alleles) during meiosis. This process is fundamental for increasing genetic variation, which is the raw material for evolution.

In a diploid individual, each gene has two variants or 'alleles'.

The gametes are cells that develop by a type of reductional cell division known as meiosis where daughter cells (gametes) have half of the DNA as the parent cell, thereby diploid organisms produce haploid gametic cells.

During meiosis, these allele pairs are segregated in a random fashion, thereby genes that encode different phenotypic traits are passed to the next generation independently of one another.

The genetic variation represents the raw material on which natural selection act in order to select those phenotypes that are better adapted to particular environmental conditions.

In conclusion, independent segregation refers to the random separation of gene variants (alleles) during meiosis. This process is fundamental for increasing genetic variation, which is the raw material for evolution.

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Segregation law shows that a parent have to alleles and one is passed down to the offspring.

Explanation:

Segregation principle means how homologous pair of variant chromosomes are separated into reproductive cells during cell division or it is also a process where two different phenotypes are formed from the alleles of genes.

Segregation is important to Darwin's mechanism of evolution by natural selection because this law shows that an individual have two alleles and one is passed to the offsprings. Therefore if an organism develop adaptive traits or characters that will make it to survive, adapt and reproduce freely in it's environment, according to law of segregation, the individual will passes one of the developed allele to it's offsprings.

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