What is a vacuole, what the characteristics, and what are some examples?

I’m doing some practice exam questions for biology, and i’m not sure how to do these 3 parts to the question.

What the theory that the sun goes around earth was replaced with the theory that earth goes around the sun this was an exaple of a

8) animals respond in various ways to stimuli detected through their senses. some of these responses are stimulated by the presence of danger. which of these animal responses is the best example of a response to an immediate threat? a) a rooster crows every morning at the first sign of light. b) as something approaches an octopus, it shoots a cloud of ink. c) from late fall until spring, bears hibernate to preserve energy. d) a dog is getting hot in the sunlight, so he moves to a shaded area.