Recombination frequencies obtained from experimental crosses can be used for which of the following?

Development of new communities in disturbed environments, such as a burned or a clear cut forest, is called

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

Aflame cell is at the end of each tubule of the nephridium malpighian tubules kidneys none of the above