In a short essay (100–150 words), explain how oxidative phosphorylation—the production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of a spatially organized electron transport chain followed by chemiosmosis—is an example of how new properties emerge at each level of the biological hierarchy.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the main process that takes place in the mitochondria to produce ATP by the series of various carriers from NADH or FADH2 to Oxygen molecules. This involves a spatially organized electron transport system in form of a chain of the redox reactions.

The properties that emerge occurs only when there is two or more part of the chain work together and not individually. If all the part such as various part of ETC or ATP synthase and the membrane of the organelle all together workes in an orderly manner then only ATP will be formed by producing H+ protein.

the answer is: they occur when the sun, moon, and earth are aligned. in spite of their name, these tides occur twice a year in the spring and fall.

answer: ice crystals in air

the water from the water body or another source of water gets evaporated as water vapor as an effect of heat on water. these water vapor rises in the upper layers of the earth atmosphere under high atmospheric pressure. the atmospheric pressure of these water molecules starts to decrease due to the effect of cold air. the invisible water vapor condenses into visible water droplets and ice crystals.these ice crystals and water droplets being less denser than the surrounding air floats on air as clouds.