What is it called when a whale has died and rested in the bottom of the ocean to provide nutrients for other animals and the soil?

Decomposition.

Explanation:

Decomposition is the process in which dead or organic matter is broken down over time into simpler organic and inorganic matter. A whale resting at the bottom of the ocean will provide food for animals and restore nitrogen to the soil. Overtime, the whale will no longer exist. This is an example of decomposition.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.