How many chromosomes would each of these sex cells have before they come together and create a cub?

Haploid number of chromosomes.

Explanation:

Before fusion of sex cells i. e. sperm cells and egg cells, there are half number of chromosome present in each sec cell because in the sex cells meiosis occurs. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which a single parent cell divides into four daughter cells having haploid chromosome i. e. half number of chromosomes in each daughter cell. So when these sex cells fuse together, they form a diploid organism.

if the type of the food available changes, then the frequency of beak types will change, because birds with beaks more suited to the available food will be more successful over time.

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